Brief History of Internet Class 9 Web Site Design Best note

Brief History of Internet.

The internet started in the 1960s as a project by the U.S. government called ARPANET. It was created to help researchers share information. In the 1980s, the internet grew when people started connecting personal computers.The history of the Internet is explained below.

The Beginning (1960s) – ARPANET

In the 1960s, the U.S. government started a project called ARPANET.
It was made to help researchers and scientists share information and work together, even if they were in different locations.
ARPANET used a technology called “packet switching” that allowed data to travel in small pieces over different routes, which made it more reliable.

Expansion in the 1970s

In the 1970s, ARPANET grew and more universities and research centers connected their computers to it.
Email was invented during this time, allowing people to send messages quickly through computers.

The Birth of the World Wide Web (1989)

In 1989, Tim Berners-Lee, a scientist from the UK, invented the World Wide Web (WWW).
The web made it easy to create and access websites, which were like digital pages filled with information.
Before this, the internet was harder to use because it was mostly text-based and required special knowledge.

Growth of the Internet in the 1990s

In the early 1990s, the internet became much more popular. People started using it not just for research but also for fun and communication.
Web browsers like Netscape made it easier for people to explore the web.
Websites and online services like email, online shopping, and chat rooms became common.

The Rise of Social Media and Online Services (2000s)

In the 2000s, the internet saw the rise of social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube.
These platforms allowed people to share photos, videos, and updates with friends and family all over the world.
Online services like Google, Amazon, and Netflix changed how people search for information, shop, and watch movies.

The Internet Today

Today, the internet is everywhere. Almost everyone uses it for work, entertainment, learning, and staying connected with others.
Smartphones and high-speed internet have made it easier to access the internet on the go.
The internet has become a central part of everyday life for billions of people worldwide.

1.2 World Wide Web (WWW)

The World Wide Web (WWW) is a system of websites that are connected and can be accessed through the internet. It was invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 to make sharing information easier.

Here’s how it works:

Web Pages: The WWW is made up of millions of web pages. Each web page is a document that can contain text, images, videos, and links to other pages.
Web Browsers: To access the WWW, you use a web browser like Google Chrome, Firefox, or Safari. A browser helps you view and interact with web pages.
Web Addresses (URLs): Every web page has its own unique web address, also called a URL (Uniform Resource Locator). For example, www.example.com is a web address.
Links (Hyperlinks): Web pages often contain links or hyperlinks that connect one page to another. When you click a link, it takes you to a new page.
The Role of Servers: The information on the WWW is stored on web servers. These servers are computers that hold the websites and send the data to your browser when you want to visit a page.
Hypertext: The key technology behind the WWW is hypertext. Hypertext allows documents to contain links (hyperlinks) to other documents. This makes it easy to jump from one page to another.
Accessing the Web: You can access the WWW from any device that has an internet connection, like a computer, phone, or tablet.

1.3 Web Standards

Web standards refer to a set of guidelines, rules, and best practices that ensure websites and web applications work properly across different browsers, devices, and platforms.

Main Organizations Behind Web Standards

World Wide Web Consortium (W3C): The W3C is the main organization that develops and maintains web standards. They create specifications for things like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG): Another group that works on web standards, especially for technologies related to web applications.
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF): This organization helps with internet-related standards, particularly protocols like HTTP, which is used to transfer data over the web.

1.4 Web Protocols

A web protocol is a set of rules or instructions that allows different devices and computers to communicate with each other over the internet. It helps ensure that data, like web pages, images, and videos, are transferred correctly between a web server (where the website is stored) and your browser (what you use to view the website).

Types of Web Protocols

Here are the main types of web protocols, explained simply:

1. HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol)

HTTP is the most common protocol used to transfer web pages and other resources over the internet.
How it works: When you type a website address (URL) into your browser, your browser sends an HTTP request to the web server. The server then responds with the data (like HTML files) to display the webpage.
Example: When you visit a site like www.example.com, your browser uses HTTP to fetch the page.

2. HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure)

HTTPS is a more secure version of HTTP.
It works the same way as HTTP, but it adds a layer of security by encrypting the data between your browser and the server. This makes it harder for hackers to see or tamper with the information being exchanged.
Example: When you visit a website that has “https://” in its URL, like https://www.example.com, it means the website is secure.

3. FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

FTP is a protocol used to transfer files between computers over the internet.
It allows you to upload or download files from a server to your computer (or vice versa). For example, web developers often use FTP to upload website files to a server.
Example: When you want to upload files to a website, you use FTP to transfer those files.

FTP is mainly used for file sharing, not for viewing web pages.

4. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

SMTP is the protocol used for sending emails.
When you send an email, your email client (like Gmail or Outlook) uses SMTP to deliver your message to the recipient’s mail server.
Example: When you send an email to someone, SMTP helps send that message through the internet to their email inbox.

SMTP is used for sending emails, but it does not handle receiving emails.

5. POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3) and IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)

POP3 and IMAP are used for receiving emails.
- POP3: Downloads emails from the server to your device and then deletes them from the server.
- IMAP: Keeps the emails on the server and allows you to view them from multiple devices without deleting them from the server.
When you check your email, your email client uses POP3 or IMAP to retrieve messages from the server.
Example: When you open your email client to read new messages, it uses either POP3 or IMAP to fetch those emails.

6. WebSocket

WebSocket is a protocol that allows for real-time communication between a web browser and a server.
Unlike HTTP, which is a request-response model, WebSocket keeps the connection open so that data can be sent back and forth as soon as it’s available. This is useful for things like live chat or real-time updates.
Example: Online games or live chats use WebSocket to instantly send and receive messages.

WebSocket is used for applications that need continuous, real-time communication.

1.5 Web Browser

A web browser is a software application that allows you to access and view websites on the internet. It acts as a bridge between you and the information available online. Without a web browser, you wouldn’t be able to see the websites you visit or interact with web pages.

Popular Web Browsers

Some of the most well-known web browsers include:

Google Chrome: A fast and popular browser used by millions of people.
Mozilla Firefox: Known for its speed and focus on privacy.
Microsoft Edge: The browser from Microsoft, which comes pre-installed on Windows computers.
Safari: The default browser on Apple devices like iPhones, iPads, and Macs.

1.6 Search Engine

A search engine is a website or app that helps you search for information on the internet. When you want to find something online, you enter words (called keywords) into the search bar, and the search engine shows you a list of websites that might have the information you’re looking for.

Safari: The default browser on Apple devices like iPhones, iPads, and Macs.

Popular Search Engines

There are several search engines, but the most popular ones are:

Google: The most widely used search engine. It’s known for being fast and providing relevant results.
Bing: A search engine from Microsoft, often used by people who have Windows computers.
Yahoo: Another search engine that offers web searches along with news, finance, and other services.
DuckDuckGo: A search engine that focuses on privacy. It doesn’t track your searches or store your personal information.

Brief History of Internet — Some Search Engines.

Types of Search Results

Search engines show different types of results, such as:

Web Pages: Links to websites that contain information relevant to your search.
Images: Thumbnails of pictures related to your search.
Videos: Links to videos from platforms like YouTube.
News: Articles and updates about current events.
Maps: Locations, directions, or local businesses.
Featured Snippets: Some search engines, like Google, show an answer to your question right at the top of the results in a box.

1.7 Web Domain

A web domain, or domain name, is the human-readable name used to access a website. For example, “google.com” is a domain name that directs users to Google’s website. It is a part of a website’s full URL but differs from it. The URL includes the protocol (http:// or https://) and the path to a specific page within a site.

How Do Web Domains Work?

Domains function through the Domain Name System (DNS), which acts as an address book for the internet. When you enter a domain name into a browser, the DNS translates it into an IP address, allowing your computer to connect to the web server hosting the website.

Types of Web Domains

1. Top-Level Domains (TLDs):

TLDs are the highest level of domains, including .com, .org, .net, and newer extensions like .tech and .blog.

2. Country Code Top-Level Domains (ccTLDs):

These domains are specific to countries, such as .uk for the United Kingdom and .jp for Japan.

3. Generic Top-Level Domains (gTLDs):

These are more specialized domains like .gov (government), .edu (education), and .mil (military).

4. Second-Level and Third-Level Domains:

Second-level domains are the main part of a domain name, like “example” in example.com. Third-level domains are subdomains, like “blog.example.com.”

1.8 Web Hosting:

Web hosting is a service that allows individuals or organizations to make their websites accessible on the internet. A web hosting provider stores your website’s files (HTML, CSS, images, databases, etc.) on powerful computers called servers and delivers them to users when they visit your site.

Why Web Hosting is Important?

Web hosting is important because Without web hosting, your website cannot be accessed by users. A reliable hosting provider ensures your site is fast, secure, and always available to visitors.

Types of Web Hosting

There are numerous types of web hosting, some of the web hosting described in detail in below.

1. Shared Hosting: This is the most affordable option where multiple websites share the same server resources. Ideal for small websites and beginners.

2. VPS Hosting: A Virtual Private Server (VPS) offers more dedicated resources while still sharing a server. Best for growing websites that need better performance.

3. Dedicated Hosting: A website gets an entire dedicated server, providing maximum performance and security. Ideal for large businesses and high-traffic sites.

4. Cloud Hosting: A modern solution where a website is hosted on multiple servers. This ensures scalability and reliability.

5. Managed WordPress Hosting: Specialized hosting optimized for WordPress users, offering automatic updates and security.

6. Reseller Hosting: Used by businesses that want to sell web hosting services under their brand.

Popular web hosting in Nepal:

In Nepal, there are several popular web hosting providers offering a range of services for businesses, bloggers, and individuals looking to establish an online presence. Here’s a detailed explanation of the most well-known web hosting providers in Nepal,

1. Web Hosting Nepal

Web Hosting Nepal is a local web hosting provider offering a variety of services such as shared hosting, VPS hosting, and domain registration.

2. Host Nepal

Host Nepal is another popular local hosting provider that offers a wide range of hosting solutions, including shared hosting, VPS hosting, and dedicated servers.

3. Vox Hosting Nepal

Vox Hosting is one of the leading web hosting providers in Nepal offering powerful hosting solutions like VPS hosting, cloud hosting, and dedicated servers.

Bluehost Nepal

Bluehost is a well-known international web hosting provider, and its services are also available in Nepal. It’s one of the most recommended hosting providers globally.

FAQs

1. What is the difference between web hosting and a domain name?
A domain is your website’s address (e.g., www.example.com), while hosting stores your website files.

2. Can I host my website for free?
Yes, but free hosting has limitations like ads, slow speed, and poor security.

3. How do I migrate my website to a new host?
You can use migration tools, manual transfer, or request help from your new hosting provider.

4. What is the best hosting for WordPress?
Managed WordPress hosting is the best choice for WordPress users.

5. Do I need web hosting for an online store?
Yes! E-commerce sites need secure and reliable hosting with SSL and fast performance.

6. What is the difference between shared hosting and VPS hosting?

Shared Hosting: Multiple websites share the same server resources, making it a cost-effective option but with limitations in speed and control.
VPS Hosting: A more powerful solution where your website gets its own set of resources, offering more control and better performance than shared hosting.

7. Do I need to pay for web hosting every year?

Most hosting providers offer annual billing plans, but you can also choose monthly payments. It’s usually cheaper to pay yearly, but monthly options are available for flexibility.

8. What is an SSL certificate and why do I need it?

An SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) certificate ensures the data exchanged between the website and its users is encrypted. It’s essential for security, particularly for e-commerce websites, and improves SEO rankings.

9. How can I improve my website’s speed with web hosting?

Choose a host that offers fast servers (like those with SSDs), enable caching, compress images, use a Content Delivery Network (CDN), and optimize scripts to improve loading times.

10. Can I upgrade my hosting plan later?

Yes, most hosting providers allow you to upgrade your hosting plan at any time, making it easy to scale your website’s performance as it grows.

11. How do I know if my hosting provider is good?

Look for features such as high uptime, fast loading speeds, excellent customer support, and positive user reviews. A reliable host should also offer scalability options to accommodate future growth.

12. What is a control panel in web hosting?

A control panel (such as cPanel) is a web-based interface that lets you manage various aspects of your hosting, including file management, email, security settings, and domain management.

13. Is it possible to host multiple websites on the same hosting account?

Yes, many hosting providers, especially those offering VPS or dedicated hosting, allow you to host multiple websites on a single account. Shared hosting plans may also offer addon domains to manage multiple websites.

14. Will web hosting affect my SEO rankings?

Yes, hosting can impact SEO. A slow website, frequent downtimes, or security issues can hurt your rankings. Opt for reliable hosting with fast load times, SSL certificates, and minimal downtime to boost your SEO.

15. Can I use web hosting for email services?

Most hosting providers offer email hosting services, allowing you to create custom email addresses using your domain (e.g., info@yourdomain.com). Ensure your hosting plan includes this feature or use third-party services like Google Workspace.

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